dangdeshijiudamingbaitichuzhongguoteseshehuizhuyijinrulexinshiqi，zheishiwoguoshengzhangxindehanqingfangwei。mianlinxinshiqi，dangheguoduduijiaodaodexuyaobiyiwangrenshenmeshihouhoudoujiabeihuoji，duikexuechangshihechuserencaidekeqiubiyiwangrenshenmeshihouhoudoujiabeijilie。

yi、xinshiqizhongguodaxuedeshiming

（yi）jiaodaodedizishiming——shudeshuren

dangdeshibadachucitichu: “bashudeshurenzuoweijiaodaodedizishiming，peiyudezhitimeizhouquanshengzhangdeshehuizhuyijianshezhehejiaobanren”。dangdeshijiudatichu: “yaozhouquanguanchedangdejiaodaofangzhen，luoshishudeshurendizishiming，shengzhangbenzhijiaodao，tuidongjiaodaogongyun，peiyudezhitimeizhouquanshengzhangdeshehuizhuyijianshezhehejiaobanren”。xizongbugaogaoduzhengshishudeshurendizishiming，bashudeshurenzuoweijiaodaodezhongjianguanjian，qianhoutichu“gaoxiaolipinzhibenzaiyushudeshuren”“daxueshishudeshuren、peiyurencaidechusuo，shiqingnianrenjinxiuchangshi、zengjiabenling、fangfeihuxiangdechusuo。”“sizhengkeshiluoshishudeshurendizishimingdeguanjiankecheng”dengshouyaochanshu。

“shude”bianshiyuren，duizhideyuweixian，peiyuyoubaofuxinxin、youjiaguoqinghuai、youjingcaicaoxing、yougaoshangsiweideren；“shuren”bianshiyucai，duizhiyibaochouben，peiyudezhitimeilaozhouquanshengzhangderen，peiyuyoutashichangshi、liyirenshi、liyicaineng、zhixingheyi、shenxinankangderen。“shudeshuren”bianshiyurenyucaixiangtongyidejincheng。dangzhongjianhexizongbugaomingbaitichu“shudeshuren”zheiyidizishiming，shixianle“shude”yu“shuren”zaixinshiqidegaoduwujironghui。

（er）guowudebuxing，renwudebuli

zhongguochuantongdede，yishituqijiaguoqinghuai，ershizhicungaoyuan，sanshirenaixiaodao，sishizhixingheyi。jiqiannianlai，meibangbianhuaminzumianlinshiqijubian、dazaihaojie、neijianruqinzhishi，zongyouyizhongxiaowodejinglichengchizanmenquanbuminzu，zongyouyizhongqilirangzanmendadong，rangzanmenwanzhongtongxinzhuanxin，rangzanmenzhongqingyiju!yiqingdangzhong，zanmenjutianxiazhilishixingfanweijuehoudexingmingdajiuji，yong10tian10yedeshihoujianchenghuoshenshanyiyuan，tianxiaguomindouzifacongmingyiqingfangkongdajuxuyao，zidongtoushenyiqingfangkongfendou。zheishiyizhongquntixingpinde、dazhongpinde。guozhishengde，qiashiyouqianwanwanwandegebiesuopeihebiaoxianchulai。zhiyaomeixiaowodoucongxiaowozuoqi，chengliqixiaowojingcaidedexing，caihuigouchengquanbushehui、guodudeshengde。

（san）lishenmede、shushenmeren

zuoweixinshiqidexinren，youqitedingdepindeqingqiu。yishixiujiangongchanzhuyibaofuxinxin，ershianwenchenglishehuizhuyijiaodiandaijiaguan，sanshihouzhizhonghuachuantongmeide，sishihongyangminzujingliheshiqijingli，wushichenglihuanqiukanfaheshengtairenshi。duixinshiqieryan，fanbotongchuangyiyaochengweidezhitimeilaozhouquanshengzhangderen，eryaochengweidanrenminzuhuifudarendeshiqixinren，sanyaochengweishehuizhuyiqijidejianshezhehejiaobanren。

er、miaosufeitingtouzhu deshiming

(yi) zhongguojingudaishidesuoying——chuanbochanyeshengzhangshi

woguoyouyouzhangdezaochuanfanhaihanqing，zaozai15shijichu，zhenghecengqixiataixi。1865nian，cengguofanhelihongzhangzaishanghaichenglilejiangnanzhizuozongju，kaiqilezhongguojindaichanyechugeshichuanbochanyedeshengzhangshi。1866nian，zuozongtangheshenbaozhenzaifuzhoukaibanlefuzhouchuanzhengjuhechuanzhengshuyuan，chengweizhongguochuanbochanyejiaodaodequanyuan。

xinzhongguochenglijinhou，yong30nianshihouchenglilebiniwanquandechuanbochanyexitong，youyong20yunianshihou，shengzhangchengweiwuzuqingzhongdetianxiazaochuandaguo。dao2010nian，zhongguoyichengweitianxiadiyizaochuandaguo。tianxiaqianshenzuidadezairenshenqianqi“jiaolonghao”、zairenqianshuiqichengchimuchuan“shenhaiyihao”、“ludimeiyou981”zuanjingpingtai、daxinghaishangfudaopingtai、chaodazhongxingzihangjiaoxichuan“tiankunhao”wanichuan，hehangmu“liaoninghao”“shandonghao”、daxingbinchujian、heqiantingdengguozhizhongqi，yijinrutianxiajinbuqianbeixinglie。yishangzheixiedaguozhongqihegaojingjianchuanbohaigongshebeizhong，jijindouyoujiangkedajiaoyuanhuobiyexiaoyoudaochangyanfa。gengyouhenduojinbuqianbeihaigongchanwujiuchuzijiangkeda。chuanbochanyedeshengzhang，libukaijiangkedadejinxian。

(er)miaosufeitingtouzhu debuxiexunqiu——“guojiyiliuzaochuandaxue”

jiangkedashiyisuobumanhanqingmiwendedaxue。xuexiaoyuanzi1933nianshanghaizhigongzhiyexuexiao，1953nianzujianshanghaichuanbochanyexuexiao，zheishixinzhongguohanqingshangdiyisuozaochuanzhongdengzhuanyexuexiao，1970nianqianzhizhenjiang，qianhougaimingweizhenjiangchuanboxueyuan、huadongchuanbochanyexueyuan，2004niangaimingweimiaosufeitingtouzhu 。xuexiaoduizhichuanbo、ludi、cansangdebanxueteseshangfeng。xuexiaozaitianxiaxianggangaoxiaozhongchuanbochanyexiangganxuekezhuanyeshezhizuiquan，xingyeneixiaoyouzuiduo，juyouchuanbotesequantixinghecaozongxingshangfeng。xuexiaodinglipeiyuludigongchengshebeijishurencai，zhankaiguoduyanzhongludigongchengshebeideyanfashiming，zaidaxinghaishangfushipingtai、shuixiajixieren、ludidonglicaozong、ludishengtaiyuqingkuangjiance、shuishengtongxin、shuixiaxinxiningjing、shenhaicaikuangdengfanchougouchengleguangxiantese。xuexiaocanyeyantaosuo（zhongguonongyekexueyuancanyeyantaosuo）shiwoguoduyideguodujicansangkeyanjigou，shitianxiacan、sangzhongzhizibenbaoguanyuyantaozhongjian、cansangkejiyanfazhongjianheguojicansangxiezuoyujiaohuanzhongjian，yanfagongjilezhongguoshenzhitianxiashouyaodecansangzhongleiyuzaisangyangcanjishu。

　xuexiaodisancidangdaihuitichu“liangbuzou”jimoufangzhen: dao2023nian，zonghepaimingjinrutianxiagaoxiaoqian150wei，kaiduanjianchengguojiyiliuzaochuandaxue；dao2033nian，zhouquanjianchengguojiyiliuzaochuandaxue。

　（san）jiangkedarendejiaguoqinghuai——“chuanhun”jingli

xuexiaoyizhiyouzhejiliedexingchuanbaoguoqinghuai，yizhiyuzhongguochuanbochanyedeshengzhangtonghuxi、gongyunqi，yizhiduizhiguangxiandechuanboxingyetese，yizhiduizhiweichuanbochanyebanshidechuxinwending。tianxiazhemingchuanqibanlihejishuzhuganmiaosufeitingtouzhu biyeshengzhanbizuigao，xuexiaopeiyulehangmu、heqianting、daxingbinchujian、lngchuan、shehuakegunchuan、youlun、jidiyoulunzongzhizuoshi、zonggongyishidengyipixingyejingcairencai。10nianlai，shuwanmingbiyeshengzhagenchuanboxingyeheludi、guofangqiji，zhangxianlejiangkedazouxiangshenlan、zhumengludidehaofangqinghuai，“neiliyouchuan，neilijiuyoujiangkedaren”!

zaichijiudebanxuelilunzhong，lidaijiangkedarengujieleguangxiandechuanboqingjie，gouchengle“jianghaiduliang、qingtouyihe、yangfanzhiyuan”de“chuanhun”jinglihe“duxue、mingde、jingshi、zhiyong”dexiaoxun。yihou，guoduludiqiangguojimou、“yidaiyiqi”jianyishenqieshixing，zhongguozhengzaiyoutianxiadiyizaochuandaguoxiangzaochuanqiangguomaijin。xuexiaodeshengzhanglinianyufangzhenxunqiushendufuheguodu、xingyedeshengzhangjimou。zuoweiyisuoxingyetesexinggaoxiao，banshichuanbochanye、guofangqijiyizhishizanmengaoshangdeshimingzeren。zhiyaojiabeiguoduandefahui“chuanhun”jingli，cainenggenghaodedanrenqixingchuanbaoguo，banshiguoduyanzhongshengzhangjimoudezhongdan。

san、chengweipinxuejianyoudejiangkedaxuezi

“shudeshuren”dizishimingdeshixian，duiyingdaotongchuangmenshenshang，bianshidashidouyaochengrenchengcai，zuoyiwei“pinxuejianyou”dejiangkedaxuezi。

yiyaoxiuyangyouyipinde。yaoyouchongfenghebaofu、yaojiaqiangxiaowoxiuwei、yaojinshengzhuanyechangshi、yaojuyouliyijingliheliyicaineng、yaoyoujingcaideshenxinbenzhi。yaoxuehuicongbozhezhongshengzhang，yingyongmianlingeleishili，rangjianguchengweiyizhongjingli。yaozuoyiweizhouquanshengzhangdedaxiansheng。

eryaoshedingmingbaiderenshengfangzhen。renshengfangzhenxiangdangshouyao，meigedafangzhendoushicongxiaofangzhenzuoqi。youlexiaofangzhen，zaisheligenggaodefangzhen。ruxu，fangzhencaihuizhuanbianweidasuan，dasuancaihuizhuanbianweibulv。

sanyaoxuehuixiangchu，chuzhihaoxiaowojiaose、qingkuangyurenjiganxi。zaibicilaiwangdejinchengzhong，yaoxuehuishangshibieren，shangshirongnayeshimeideyizhongjingdi。yaozhangyufamingrenzhizhangchu、xuehuirongnaren、xuehuixiezuoxiangchu、zuozuihaoziwo。

siyaoshixiancongzhongxuexiangdaxuedezhuanxing。qishouyaobawodaxuedejinxiutesehefangshi，peiyuzilijinxiuhezilifamingtimu、silvtimu、chanfatimu、chulitimudecaineng。qizhuyaochenglixindejinxiulinian，xuehuizhiyi，pubiandixue，bishengdixue。zuichuyaozhuanbianjinxiuxingshi，cong“yaowoxue”zhuanhuanwei“woyaoxue”。

wuyaoxiuyangjiangkedaxuezidetezhi。haofanjiangkedaxuezijingyouguochengbenshendepinboyujinli，zhangxianle“chideleku、zhadexiagen、judetongxin、gandechengshi”dejiangkedatezhi，huodeleyeneigaoduchengren。danyuandashixiangtamenjinxiu，rangchusechengweiyizhongxiqi、rangjianguchengweiyizhongjingli、rangshangshichengweiyizhongjingdi、rangdanrenchengweiyizhongzeren。

wodanyuantongchuangmen——

zuoyigezhanyangxingkongderen: youbaofu、youjingdi、nengsilv，xiaowosiweizhengzhibenzhidaodadeshuiping，jueyilejianglairenshengdegaodu。

zuoyigeqinkenshimingderen: youchangshi、youdanren、nengxiangle，zhuanyebenzhidaodadeshuiping，jueyilejianglairenshengdekuandu。

zuoyigekaipiliyideren: youlinian、youdanpo、huijiangou，kexuewenmingbenzhiyuliyichuangyebenzhidaodadeshuiping，jueyilejianglairenshengdehoudu。

zuoyigekuaihukouderen: youankang、wuqingqu、nengdaide，shenxinbenzhiyucainengbenzhidaodadeshuiping，jueyilejianglairenshengdefengzi。

2020nian10yue10ri

jiangsujiaodaoxiaoxiwang 2021-11-03  http://www.jsenews.com/rmzt/2020y/dyk/xzjy/202011/t20201103_6859706.shtml