dangdeshijiudamingbaitichuzhongguoteseshehuizhuyijinrulexinshiqi,zheishiwoguoshengzhangxindehanqingfangwei。mianlinxinshiqi,dangheguoduduijiaodaodexuyaobiyiwangrenshenmeshihouhoudoujiabeihuoji,duikexuechangshihechuserencaidekeqiubiyiwangrenshenmeshihouhoudoujiabeijilie。
yi、xinshiqizhongguodaxuedeshiming
(yi)jiaodaodedizishiming——shudeshuren
dangdeshibadachucitichu: “bashudeshurenzuoweijiaodaodedizishiming,peiyudezhitimeizhouquanshengzhangdeshehuizhuyijianshezhehejiaobanren”。dangdeshijiudatichu: “yaozhouquanguanchedangdejiaodaofangzhen,luoshishudeshurendizishiming,shengzhangbenzhijiaodao,tuidongjiaodaogongyun,peiyudezhitimeizhouquanshengzhangdeshehuizhuyijianshezhehejiaobanren”。xizongbugaogaoduzhengshishudeshurendizishiming,bashudeshurenzuoweijiaodaodezhongjianguanjian,qianhoutichu“gaoxiaolipinzhibenzaiyushudeshuren”“daxueshishudeshuren、peiyurencaidechusuo,shiqingnianrenjinxiuchangshi、zengjiabenling、fangfeihuxiangdechusuo。”“sizhengkeshiluoshishudeshurendizishimingdeguanjiankecheng”dengshouyaochanshu。
“shude”bianshiyuren,duizhideyuweixian,peiyuyoubaofuxinxin、youjiaguoqinghuai、youjingcaicaoxing、yougaoshangsiweideren;“shuren”bianshiyucai,duizhiyibaochouben,peiyudezhitimeilaozhouquanshengzhangderen,peiyuyoutashichangshi、liyirenshi、liyicaineng、zhixingheyi、shenxinankangderen。“shudeshuren”bianshiyurenyucaixiangtongyidejincheng。dangzhongjianhexizongbugaomingbaitichu“shudeshuren”zheiyidizishiming,shixianle“shude”yu“shuren”zaixinshiqidegaoduwujironghui。
(er)guowudebuxing,renwudebuli
zhongguochuantongdede,yishituqijiaguoqinghuai,ershizhicungaoyuan,sanshirenaixiaodao,sishizhixingheyi。jiqiannianlai,meibangbianhuaminzumianlinshiqijubian、dazaihaojie、neijianruqinzhishi,zongyouyizhongxiaowodejinglichengchizanmenquanbuminzu,zongyouyizhongqilirangzanmendadong,rangzanmenwanzhongtongxinzhuanxin,rangzanmenzhongqingyiju!yiqingdangzhong,zanmenjutianxiazhilishixingfanweijuehoudexingmingdajiuji,yong10tian10yedeshihoujianchenghuoshenshanyiyuan,tianxiaguomindouzifacongmingyiqingfangkongdajuxuyao,zidongtoushenyiqingfangkongfendou。zheishiyizhongquntixingpinde、dazhongpinde。guozhishengde,qiashiyouqianwanwanwandegebiesuopeihebiaoxianchulai。zhiyaomeixiaowodoucongxiaowozuoqi,chengliqixiaowojingcaidedexing,caihuigouchengquanbushehui、guodudeshengde。
(san)lishenmede、shushenmeren
zuoweixinshiqidexinren,youqitedingdepindeqingqiu。yishixiujiangongchanzhuyibaofuxinxin,ershianwenchenglishehuizhuyijiaodiandaijiaguan,sanshihouzhizhonghuachuantongmeide,sishihongyangminzujingliheshiqijingli,wushichenglihuanqiukanfaheshengtairenshi。duixinshiqieryan,fanbotongchuangyiyaochengweidezhitimeilaozhouquanshengzhangderen,eryaochengweidanrenminzuhuifudarendeshiqixinren,sanyaochengweishehuizhuyiqijidejianshezhehejiaobanren。
er、miaosufeitingtouzhu deshiming
(yi) zhongguojingudaishidesuoying——chuanbochanyeshengzhangshi
woguoyouyouzhangdezaochuanfanhaihanqing,zaozai15shijichu,zhenghecengqixiataixi。1865nian,cengguofanhelihongzhangzaishanghaichenglilejiangnanzhizuozongju,kaiqilezhongguojindaichanyechugeshichuanbochanyedeshengzhangshi。1866nian,zuozongtangheshenbaozhenzaifuzhoukaibanlefuzhouchuanzhengjuhechuanzhengshuyuan,chengweizhongguochuanbochanyejiaodaodequanyuan。
xinzhongguochenglijinhou,yong30nianshihouchenglilebiniwanquandechuanbochanyexitong,youyong20yunianshihou,shengzhangchengweiwuzuqingzhongdetianxiazaochuandaguo。dao2010nian,zhongguoyichengweitianxiadiyizaochuandaguo。tianxiaqianshenzuidadezairenshenqianqi“jiaolonghao”、zairenqianshuiqichengchimuchuan“shenhaiyihao”、“ludimeiyou981”zuanjingpingtai、daxinghaishangfudaopingtai、chaodazhongxingzihangjiaoxichuan“tiankunhao”wanichuan,hehangmu“liaoninghao”“shandonghao”、daxingbinchujian、heqiantingdengguozhizhongqi,yijinrutianxiajinbuqianbeixinglie。yishangzheixiedaguozhongqihegaojingjianchuanbohaigongshebeizhong,jijindouyoujiangkedajiaoyuanhuobiyexiaoyoudaochangyanfa。gengyouhenduojinbuqianbeihaigongchanwujiuchuzijiangkeda。chuanbochanyedeshengzhang,libukaijiangkedadejinxian。
(er)miaosufeitingtouzhu debuxiexunqiu——“guojiyiliuzaochuandaxue”
jiangkedashiyisuobumanhanqingmiwendedaxue。xuexiaoyuanzi1933nianshanghaizhigongzhiyexuexiao,1953nianzujianshanghaichuanbochanyexuexiao,zheishixinzhongguohanqingshangdiyisuozaochuanzhongdengzhuanyexuexiao,1970nianqianzhizhenjiang,qianhougaimingweizhenjiangchuanboxueyuan、huadongchuanbochanyexueyuan,2004niangaimingweimiaosufeitingtouzhu 。xuexiaoduizhichuanbo、ludi、cansangdebanxueteseshangfeng。xuexiaozaitianxiaxianggangaoxiaozhongchuanbochanyexiangganxuekezhuanyeshezhizuiquan,xingyeneixiaoyouzuiduo,juyouchuanbotesequantixinghecaozongxingshangfeng。xuexiaodinglipeiyuludigongchengshebeijishurencai,zhankaiguoduyanzhongludigongchengshebeideyanfashiming,zaidaxinghaishangfushipingtai、shuixiajixieren、ludidonglicaozong、ludishengtaiyuqingkuangjiance、shuishengtongxin、shuixiaxinxiningjing、shenhaicaikuangdengfanchougouchengleguangxiantese。xuexiaocanyeyantaosuo(zhongguonongyekexueyuancanyeyantaosuo)shiwoguoduyideguodujicansangkeyanjigou,shitianxiacan、sangzhongzhizibenbaoguanyuyantaozhongjian、cansangkejiyanfazhongjianheguojicansangxiezuoyujiaohuanzhongjian,yanfagongjilezhongguoshenzhitianxiashouyaodecansangzhongleiyuzaisangyangcanjishu。
xuexiaodisancidangdaihuitichu“liangbuzou”jimoufangzhen: dao2023nian,zonghepaimingjinrutianxiagaoxiaoqian150wei,kaiduanjianchengguojiyiliuzaochuandaxue;dao2033nian,zhouquanjianchengguojiyiliuzaochuandaxue。
(san)jiangkedarendejiaguoqinghuai——“chuanhun”jingli
xuexiaoyizhiyouzhejiliedexingchuanbaoguoqinghuai,yizhiyuzhongguochuanbochanyedeshengzhangtonghuxi、gongyunqi,yizhiduizhiguangxiandechuanboxingyetese,yizhiduizhiweichuanbochanyebanshidechuxinwending。tianxiazhemingchuanqibanlihejishuzhuganmiaosufeitingtouzhu biyeshengzhanbizuigao,xuexiaopeiyulehangmu、heqianting、daxingbinchujian、lngchuan、shehuakegunchuan、youlun、jidiyoulunzongzhizuoshi、zonggongyishidengyipixingyejingcairencai。10nianlai,shuwanmingbiyeshengzhagenchuanboxingyeheludi、guofangqiji,zhangxianlejiangkedazouxiangshenlan、zhumengludidehaofangqinghuai,“neiliyouchuan,neilijiuyoujiangkedaren”!
zaichijiudebanxuelilunzhong,lidaijiangkedarengujieleguangxiandechuanboqingjie,gouchengle“jianghaiduliang、qingtouyihe、yangfanzhiyuan”de“chuanhun”jinglihe“duxue、mingde、jingshi、zhiyong”dexiaoxun。yihou,guoduludiqiangguojimou、“yidaiyiqi”jianyishenqieshixing,zhongguozhengzaiyoutianxiadiyizaochuandaguoxiangzaochuanqiangguomaijin。xuexiaodeshengzhanglinianyufangzhenxunqiushendufuheguodu、xingyedeshengzhangjimou。zuoweiyisuoxingyetesexinggaoxiao,banshichuanbochanye、guofangqijiyizhishizanmengaoshangdeshimingzeren。zhiyaojiabeiguoduandefahui“chuanhun”jingli,cainenggenghaodedanrenqixingchuanbaoguo,banshiguoduyanzhongshengzhangjimoudezhongdan。
san、chengweipinxuejianyoudejiangkedaxuezi
“shudeshuren”dizishimingdeshixian,duiyingdaotongchuangmenshenshang,bianshidashidouyaochengrenchengcai,zuoyiwei“pinxuejianyou”dejiangkedaxuezi。
yiyaoxiuyangyouyipinde。yaoyouchongfenghebaofu、yaojiaqiangxiaowoxiuwei、yaojinshengzhuanyechangshi、yaojuyouliyijingliheliyicaineng、yaoyoujingcaideshenxinbenzhi。yaoxuehuicongbozhezhongshengzhang,yingyongmianlingeleishili,rangjianguchengweiyizhongjingli。yaozuoyiweizhouquanshengzhangdedaxiansheng。
eryaoshedingmingbaiderenshengfangzhen。renshengfangzhenxiangdangshouyao,meigedafangzhendoushicongxiaofangzhenzuoqi。youlexiaofangzhen,zaisheligenggaodefangzhen。ruxu,fangzhencaihuizhuanbianweidasuan,dasuancaihuizhuanbianweibulv。
sanyaoxuehuixiangchu,chuzhihaoxiaowojiaose、qingkuangyurenjiganxi。zaibicilaiwangdejinchengzhong,yaoxuehuishangshibieren,shangshirongnayeshimeideyizhongjingdi。yaozhangyufamingrenzhizhangchu、xuehuirongnaren、xuehuixiezuoxiangchu、zuozuihaoziwo。
siyaoshixiancongzhongxuexiangdaxuedezhuanxing。qishouyaobawodaxuedejinxiutesehefangshi,peiyuzilijinxiuhezilifamingtimu、silvtimu、chanfatimu、chulitimudecaineng。qizhuyaochenglixindejinxiulinian,xuehuizhiyi,pubiandixue,bishengdixue。zuichuyaozhuanbianjinxiuxingshi,cong“yaowoxue”zhuanhuanwei“woyaoxue”。
wuyaoxiuyangjiangkedaxuezidetezhi。haofanjiangkedaxuezijingyouguochengbenshendepinboyujinli,zhangxianle“chideleku、zhadexiagen、judetongxin、gandechengshi”dejiangkedatezhi,huodeleyeneigaoduchengren。danyuandashixiangtamenjinxiu,rangchusechengweiyizhongxiqi、rangjianguchengweiyizhongjingli、rangshangshichengweiyizhongjingdi、rangdanrenchengweiyizhongzeren。
wodanyuantongchuangmen——
zuoyigezhanyangxingkongderen: youbaofu、youjingdi、nengsilv,xiaowosiweizhengzhibenzhidaodadeshuiping,jueyilejianglairenshengdegaodu。
zuoyigeqinkenshimingderen: youchangshi、youdanren、nengxiangle,zhuanyebenzhidaodadeshuiping,jueyilejianglairenshengdekuandu。
zuoyigekaipiliyideren: youlinian、youdanpo、huijiangou,kexuewenmingbenzhiyuliyichuangyebenzhidaodadeshuiping,jueyilejianglairenshengdehoudu。
zuoyigekuaihukouderen: youankang、wuqingqu、nengdaide,shenxinbenzhiyucainengbenzhidaodadeshuiping,jueyilejianglairenshengdefengzi。
2020nian10yue10ri
jiangsujiaodaoxiaoxiwang 2021-11-03 http://www.jsenews.com/rmzt/2020y/dyk/xzjy/202011/t20201103_6859706.shtml